The Commonality Of A Double Consciousness - 1210 Words

The Commonality of a Double Consciousness America is designed to give opportunity and freedom to any citizen that is within it’s boundaries. Immigrants come to America looking for these opportunities and expect to be successful in their new country. In No-No Boy, John Okada tells the story of a second generation Japanese Immigrant who is trying to figure out who he is as an American who isn’t accepted in his own country. W.E.B. Dubois is an author who wrote about the injustices on African Americans in an American society. Both John Okada and W.E.B. Dubois write about how the Double Consciousness of citizens in the United States. The struggles of a double consciousness clearly don’t just apply to African American’s, it can apply to all†¦show more content†¦Even though he despises his mother s obsession with the motherland, he still can’t seem to belong as an Asian American on the West Coast. America interned his whole family, and they are seen as a threat by the white Americans. Af rican Americans seem to dislike them as well tell him to â€Å"Go back to Tokyo†[1, pg.7]. This sounds similar to Dubois statement in The Souls of Black Folk, â€Å"It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.†[2] Ichiro throughout the story is conflicted by this thought of whether he is American, a traitor, or completely japanese. He debates whether he should have been an active member in the United States Military and died for a country that his family doesn’t believe in. Even after all of his trouble with going to prison and not being trusted he is offered a job by Mr.Car rick on pages 132-137. This job would be great for anyone let alone a Japanese American citizen that just got out of prison. Even though he is presented with a great opportunity he still

Speech Adolescence and Higher Risk Free Essays

The amount of teenages getting pregnant around the age of 15-17 is quite concerning . Although most Teenage Pregnancies are unintentional . It still means there are chances of them becoming pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech: Adolescence and Higher Risk or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time,Teenage Pregnancies associate with social issues. Finally they come to a time when they need help and support. Well , My name is Taylah and by now you should know my speech will be about Teenage Pregnancy. Firstly most teenage pregnancies are unintentional. Women of all age may have unintended pregnancies , but some groups , such as teens are at a higher risk. A lot of teenagers who become pregnant sometimes wish they weren’t . This happens because they either dont want to be parents or they know it’s not the right time. By the time they find out they are pregnant they start stressing out because it was never meant to happen and also because they dont want thier parents to know or to find out. Teenage Pregnancies associate with social issues , such as lower educational levels and higher rates of Poverty. This happens because when they are pregnant they drop out of shcool and just worry about their baby. Although they are unemployed they go on a benefit which is when money is given by the goverment. Why do the young mums still lead a poor life inspite of money given by the goverment ? Well , they lead poor life because they dont think about the future , instead they spend all their money on their child. They don’t save up any money and they keep buying things for themselves and their child. Finally they come to a time when they need help and support with their child. They need support with their child so they live a happy life and they need support from their family so that they dint get stressed out and start abusing their baby,and they also need help with buying the right items such as nappies ,food,clothes e. t. c. In conclusion,Teenage Pregnancy need to decrease as it is making NZ look very bad because the rate of Teenage Pregnancy is the highest in NZ as compared to other countries in the world. In the end I would like to say that teenagers should stay in school and study so that they have a brighter future and can give a very dignified life to their families. How to cite Speech: Adolescence and Higher Risk, Essay examples

Rock N Roll free essay sample

American culture is defined by rock n roll music and race, sexuality and generational conflict was a major factor in culture definition. Rock and rolls complex relationship to race might best be illustrated by the ways black performers bleached their music in order to get heard by America. Altogether uses the term bleaching to describe how music was made white to be heard by white audiences and sold to white audiences. Bleaching included selling the rights to their music or by earning royalties from record sales to white performers (p 51).White artists would make changes to black musicians music and make it into number 1 hits. An example, of this is Willie Mae Big Mama Thornton who first recorded Hound Dog (p 52). According to Altogether, Elvis Presley made some changes to the tempo and lyrics and his version made it to number 1 on the country and charts (pop). Often independent labels would take black artists songs and put white pop singers on the covers or have them sing the songs. The first set of graphs to be drawn show concentration against time,   and were used to calculate half-lives for the various reactions   (Graphs 1 and 2). The second set of graphs drawn were identical to the   first set, but rather than calculating half-lives, they were used to   find the gradient at five points along each graph (Graphs 2 and 5). Calculating the gradient at these points gave the rate of the reaction   at five different concentrations. From this a final set of graphs were   drawn showing the rate of reaction against concentration (Graphs 3 and   6). After studying the results gained, and drawing these graphs, it was   found that out of all of the results recorded, all were included in   the final graphs and used to draw conclusions from. There were no   significantly anomalous results recorded, as all of them seemed to   follow the same pattern when plotted on the graphs. I felt that there   was no reason to ignore or discard any of these results. For H2O2, Graph 1shows that the half-life increases very gradually,   which initially might suggest that the reaction is second order with   respect to H2O2. However, this increase is very gradual, and when   Graph 3 is studied, it is clear that the rate of the reaction is   directly proportional to the concentration. After studying Graph 1   carefully and checking its accuracy alongside the actual results, I   have decided that because the increase in the half-lives is only   gradual and Graph 3 clearly shows that the rate is proportional to the   concentration, this reaction is first order with respect to H2O2. Graph 1 holds a number of possible areas where errors may occur and   this could explain why the half-life is not constant. The actual   process of drawing the graphs provides a number of sources for error. Drawing an accurate curve freehand is quite difficult requiring a   steady and smooth action, and although this skill can be improved with   practise, it still provides sources of error. Also, the calculating of   the half-lives requires further drawing using a ruler that is only   accurate to the nearest millimetre. Therefore, after studying the results gained from the experiments,   using chemical knowledge, and considering where any errors could have   occurred in this analysis, it can be deduced the order of the reaction   with respect to H2O2 is first order. For KI, the results shown in the graphs 4, 5, and 6 show a similar   problem as found with H2O2, Graph 4 shows a gradually increasing   half-life, and Graph 6 shows clearly that the rate is proportional to   the concentration of KI. Therefore, for the same reasons as already   stated above for the reactions concerning H2O2, I deduce that the   order of the reaction with respect to KI is also first order. It is now possible to express these results in the form of a rate   equation, this will show the order of the reaction with respect to the   individual reactants, but will also allow us to determine the overall   order of the reaction.

Treaty of Versailles Who was at fault for its denial.txt Essays (1200

AP US History March 1, 1997 Period 4 Treaty of Versailles: Who was at fault for its denial? The Treaty of Versailles, which was a peace treaty that called for the end of World War 1(between Germany and the Allies), was defeated in the Senate by an unknown alliance of two forces. The two forces were President Wilsons all or nothing attitude and the strong opponents of the Treaty in the Senate. William Borah (Sen, Idaho), one of the irreconcilables, brings out a clear weakness in the Covenant of the League of Nations in his speech to the Senate. The weakness is that will any country really feel comfortable, or approve of, another countrys government dealing with their domestic affairs and concerns, especially if they have an army to support whatever they decide. He also brings up a point that no one would approve of a tribunal, with 41 other nations in it, to settle a problem that might arise between members of the nation because what one nation sees a vital, another nation may see as wasteful, which might just lead to another World War. The League as he describes it is contradictorial in all that it is to accomplish (force to destroy force, conflict to prevent conflict, militarism to destroy militarism, war to prevent war) and it cant work like that because it has no authority to back up its own judgment. This goes against Wilsons idea of the League because he helped create it and it is a very important and big step to him in creating a worldwide government (Doc A) The Treaty as portrayed in The New Republic is useless, which is a strong reason it shouldnt be passed. It wasnt useless in the sense that it would officially end the war, but in a sense that it would not moralize nationalism. The moralization of nationalism could be achieved by ending the separation of classes and ambitions that could only be enjoyed by some, not all, people in the country. According to the journalist the Treaty doesnt make even a bland attempt to solve these problems, and that it, in fact, promotes and heightens those differences of opinion between the nations. (Doc B) In a general speech given by Wilson, he provides that Article X, which morally bound the U.S. to aid any member of the League victimized by external aggression, is the inevitable, logical center to the whole system of the Covenant of the League of Nations. Although he supports it, he feels he is not at fault if the Covenant isnt correct. On another separate occasion, Wilson defended that Article X morally, not legally, bound the U.S. to aiding other victimized nations, ergo the U.S. didnt have to help who they didnt want to help. Article X angered Congress because they wanted to reserve their constitutional right of declaring war to themselves. Article X also enraged the great- grandson of George Cabot, Henry Cabot Lodge (R, Idaho). He so disliked Article X that he made his own reservation to it, which provided that the U.S. has no obligation to get involved with the affairs of any other country. His reservation would later be turned down by Congress. (Doc C) Herbert Hoover correctly advises President Wilson to, in so many words, to hurry up and do something to approve the treaty in the Senate or it will never get passed. He gives this advice to President Wilson because he knows that Lodge is effectively using delay tactics, such as reading the whole 264- page treaty aloud to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, to divide and sway public opinion about the Treaty to his favor. Although he is pleased with the concern the government is giving to the treaty, he feels their could be improvements and if these improvements arent quick in happening, then the very necessary public opinion of the Americans will start to go against the treaty because of the many wrongs imposed in the Treaty and Lodges active lobbyism. When popular public opinion goes, in most cases, so does the bill. (Doc D) The cartoon (Doc E) shows how the Republicans felt about not being involved in the peace proceedings in Paris. When Wilson went to Paris, his delegation included not a single Republican which greatly infuriated them. He did not even consult the Republican leadership in the Senate about the peace negotiations, which was also an insult to the Republicans. Among the leading Republicans was Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, who was also

Blade Runner and Frankenstein Essay Example

Blade Runner and Frankenstein Essay Example Blade Runner and Frankenstein Essay Blade Runner and Frankenstein Essay Mary Shelley gothic novel Frankincense, first published in 1816, and Riddled Coots science fiction film, Blade Runner, released in 1992, share common themes and ideas as well as similar warnings based on the time period. Despite being produced nearly 200 years apart, both texts reflect upon the values of their times as well as raising concerns that are timeless. Both Frankincense and Blade runner explore the implications of Science and technology, the relationships between the creator and creation and they also explore the notions of monstrosity and humanity. Science and technology is a common concern shared in both Frankincense and Blade Runner. As Shells grew up in an intellectual, educated and scientific household, aware of contemporary experiments about the imitation and creation of life I. E. Galvanism and the experiments with the frogs. He believed in natural philosophy. She was able to have Victor study the works of Cornelius Agrarian, which is a mixture of the supernatural and science. These are melded with contemporary natural philosophy and a leap of knowledge that brings Victor to the point where he can re- animate dead matter, showing a mixture of medieval alchemy and modern science. This Novel Questions the scientific processes to uncover mysteries of the time and criticizes the uncontrolled scientific experiments and the horrors of Vivisection I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave, or tortured the living animal to animate the lifeless clay. Sexual language is demonstrated, showing how nature is generalizes, They penetrate into the recesses of nature, and show how she works in her hiding places. Similar to Victor, Walton wants to uncover and discover the unknown and is willing to sacrifice his life and the life of others. Mary Shells explores owe Science and technology influenced people of her time and tries to warn the audience of what could happen if science and technology isnt morally controlled. By the time Blade Runner was produced, Riddled Scott assumes that the audience will accept that in 2019 technology might have developed to enable the production of replicates that are unrecognizable from humans through genetic manipulation, mapping of human genome and cloning. Although during the mid 20th century optimism allowed people to believe that humans could eventually be able to do anything through scientific development, e. . Flying cars. The advances of science and technology are shown in a negative light and Riddled Scott tries to emphasis what will happen if society continues to not consider the long-term impacts of the advances of science and technology. Los Angels 2019 depicts a world that has destroyed nature and civilization. This is shown with the opening sequence of the long shot revealin g a futuristic and industrialized landscape through the use of special effects including flying cars, electrical lighting and explosions. This post-modern world shows the effects of extremely dangerous advances in science and technology. Mary Shells and Riddled Scot are both interested in what happening is happening within their time based on the advances in science and technology and both look at the consequences of what can happen if science is taken too far and is uncontrollable. The world that is depicted in Blade Runner has become the sort of world Mary Shells would have Victor may not have been motivated by greed and profit but they both share a fear of the potential of what they have created. Similarly both texts continuously have the eye motif, In Frankincense is the first indicator of life and horror: l saw the dull yellow ye of the creature open. In the same way Blade Runner has a screen-filling eye in which appears in the opening moments of the film where both of these texts are used as warnings towards their audience of the dangers of seeking knowledge susceptible to corruption by mankind. Again in Both texts, Blade Runner and Frankincense, they look at the relationships between the Creation and creators. Throughout the novel, Victor Frankincense has the idea of himself as the creator l felt what the duties of a creator towards his creature were, although the concept does not bring him any happiness, as he warns he reader to learn from his example and not to aspire to become greater than his nature will allow. Victor like one of the Greek titans thinks he can take over the role of God and create human beings. This shows that Victor is man acting as god and that he has pride in his own ability to do so. The fact that Victor uses sparks, fire and electricity Just as the titan was said to have done, Victor is compared to the Prometheus. This in turn shows man acting upon nature and highlights what can happen when men does so. Once Victor has decided that he will no longer create the eve companion for the creature, there is a significant power relationship change; The creature becomes more dominate and powerful that its creator, shown when the creature addresses victor, Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension and you are my creator, but I am your master obey! from this point Victor is hunted down by his creation, showing his loss of control. Similarly in Blade Runner, Riddled Scott highlights the destruction of nature, which has lead to cloning, and re-animation of the natural qualities within society. This is further highlighted through the setting in Trestles office where nature is artificial including the owl, showing that even the richest man cannot afford a real owl. This becomes farcical and effectively responders recognize the folly of men and the dangers of nature becoming commodity. Trestles pride creation is Roy as he talks very highly of him; a light that burns twice as bight, burns half as long and you have burned so very brightly. When Roy first meets his creator there is a sense of black and white imagery shown as Utterly is dressed in white with black hair whereas Roy is wearing black with white hair. Scott may want to show that you cant Judge one by their looks. This black and white imagery is also shown when they play chest as the checker board is black and white showing the power Utterly may have over Roy which is deceiving and may not be a true reflection of reality. In Los Angles 2019 there seems to be no families or relationships between humans, although the replicates do have a father fugue of Utterly. In Both Blade Runner and Frankincense the creator ends up not having any control over their creation in which ultimately leads to the creator being killed because of what they have created. In Blade Runner Utterly is killed by his proudest creation within his own home, whereas Victor dies on his search for the creature. The Juxtaposition of nature in both texts from different times raises awareness in audiences of the need for a change in attitude. Trestles different to how victor speaks of the creature Vile Wretch and Demon. Therefore in both texts the replicates and the creature are both searching for love and compassion by their creators and others within society. Shells and Scott also explore the notions of monstrosity and humanity, and what it means to them. My person was hideous and my stature gigantic. What did this mean? Who was l? Whence did I come? What was my destination? These questions continually recurred, but I was unable to solve them The creature is continuously asking himself why he was created so inhuman like and questioning his humanity. This is Ironic because no one actually knows the answers to these questions, so in the end how do we know if were completely human or not? Unlike the ancient mariner who learns to appreciate nature, Victor throughout the chase shows how he can no longer be urged by nature, showing his dehumidification and how he is like the return and driven by violence. Shells questions what it means to be human and how humanities relationship with nature can be lost turning one into a devil. Scott questions what it means to be human throughout the film. The use of mechanical empathy test is used to identify mechanical humans. This betrays a deep confusion about how humans are managing to identify themselves. This Test for humanity is an emotional reaction, Leon fails when asked about his mother and once he is identified as inhuman like he acts in violence and shoots the detective at the start of the film. The Unicorn motif throughout the film also creates continuous questioning about humanity and monstrosity. The unicorn represents hope and understanding and the first indication of the unicorn motif is when there is a merge from the shot into the dream, which sets up the dream sequence. The dream is shot in black and white showing the Nature and beauty of the dream and it is the only time within the entire film when there is a shot of the natural world. The beautiful movement of the horse is shown through the use of slow motion. This shows the unicorn moving free (unlike he artificial animals in Los Angels), and how it is free to move compared to Declared being trapped and enclosed. This Unicorn motif questions what is human, because Declared is shown as one of the only normal human stuck in this world. Although the origami of a unicorn at the end of the film again hints that Declared may be a replicate. Throughout the film we consider Grief to be Deckers controller, who ends up giving him the unicorn, and therefore must know his dream. Scott really plays on the idea of what it truly means to be human and what are the implications if someone knows your dreams, have they been implanted? And if Declared is a replicate how can we decipher what is human? Both Blade Runner and Frankincense look at what it means to be truly human. Whether creature or replicate, they are made into monsters by the inhumane treatment they receive from the humans who reject them because they remind them if who they were or should be. This suggests that they are the personification of our human ontology: conscious and unconscious, good and evil. Although there is a difference between both texts, in the novel the humans are considered human through their appearance, thats how the creature is rejected. But in Blade runner the replicates are almost the perfect human form yet there rejected by society because of lack of emotions (Bight Jump test). Own time, reflecting on what is important to each of the composers. Both texts look at similar ideas but are based in different eras. Mary Shells and Riddled Scott explore similar ideas about the implications of Science and technology, the relationships between the creator and creation and they also explore the notions of monstrosity and humanity. These ideas do have shifting values and approaches but they are both exploring timeless issues and concerns.

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia In the early 1990s, the Balkan country of Yugoslavia fell apart in a series of wars which saw ethnic cleansing and genocide return to Europe. The driving force was not age-old ethnic tensions (as the Serb side liked to proclaim), but distinctly modern nationalism, fanned by the media and driven by politicians. As Yugoslavia collapsed, majority ethnicities pushed for independence. These nationalist governments ignored their minorities or actively persecuted them, forcing them out of jobs. As propaganda made these minorities paranoid, they  armed themselves and smaller actions degenerated into a bloody set of wars. While the situation was rarely as clear as Serb versus Croat versus Muslim, many small civil wars erupted over decades of rivalry and those key patterns existed. Context: Yugoslavia and the Fall of Communism The Balkans had been the site of conflict between the Austrian and Ottoman Empires for centuries before both collapsed during World War I. The peace conference which redrew the maps of Europe created the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes out of territory in the area, pushing together groups of people who soon quarreled about how they wished to be governed. A strictly centralized state formed, but opposition continued, and in 1929 the king dismissed representative government- after the Croat leader was shot while at parliament- and began to rule as a monarchical dictator. The kingdom was renamed Yugoslavia, and the new government purposefully ignored the existing and traditional regions and peoples. In 1941, as World War II spread over the continent, Axis soldiers invaded. During the course of the war in Yugoslavia- which had turned from a war against the Nazis and their allies to a messy civil war complete with ethnic cleansing- communist partisans rose to prominence. When liberation was achieved it was the communists who took power under their leader, Josip Tito. The old kingdom was now replaced by a federation of supposedly six equal republics, which included Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia, and two autonomous regions, including Kosovo. Tito kept this nation together partly by sheer force of will and a communist party which cut across ethnic boundaries, and, as the USSR broke with Yugoslavia, the latter took its own path. As Tito’s rule continued, ever more power filtered down, leaving just the Communist Party, the army, and Tito to hold it together. However, after Tito died, the different wishes of the six republics began to pull Yugoslavia apart, a situation exacerbated by the collapse of the USSR in the late 1980s, leaving just a Serb-dominated army. Without their old leader, and with the new possibilities of free elections and self-representation, Yugoslavia divided. The Rise of Serbian Nationalism Arguments began over centralism with a strong central government, versus federalism with the six republics having greater powers. Nationalism emerged, with people pushing for splitting Yugoslavia up or forcing it together under Serb domination. In 1986, the Serbian Academy of Sciences issued a Memorandum which became a focal point for Serb nationalism by reviving ideas of a Greater Serbia. The Memorandum claimed Tito, a Croat/Slovene, had deliberately tried to weaken Serb areas, which some people believed, as it explained why they were doing relatively poorly economically compared to the northern regions of Slovenia and Croatia. The Memorandum also claimed Kosovo had to remain Serbian, despite a 90 percent Albanian population, because of the importance to Serbia of a 14th century battle in that region. It was a conspiracy theory that twisted history, given weight by respected authors, and a Serb media which claimed Albanians were trying to rape and kill their way to genocide. They we ren’t. Tensions between Albanians and local Serbs exploded and the region began to fragment. In 1987, Slobodan Milosevic was a low-key but powerful bureaucrat who, thanks to the major support of Ivan Stambolic (who had risen to be Serbia’s Prime Minister) was able to leverage his position into an almost Stalin-like seizure of power in the Serb Communist Party by filling job after job with his own supporters. Until 1987 Milosevic was often portrayed as a dim-witted Stambolic lackey, but that year he was in the right place at the right time in Kosovo to make a televised speech in which he effectively seized control of the Serbian nationalism movement and then consolidated his part by seizing control of the Serbian communist party in a battle waged in the media. Having won and purged the party, Milosevic turned the Serb media into a propaganda machine which brainwashed many into paranoid nationalism. Milosevic than gained Serb ascendance over Kosovo, Montenegro, and Vojvodina, securing nationalist Serb power in four of the region’s units; the Yugoslav government c ould not resist. Slovenia now feared a Greater Serbia and set themselves up as the opposition, so the Serb media turned its attack onto Slovenes. Milosevic then started a boycott of Slovenia. With one eye on Milosevic’s human rights abuses in Kosovo, the Slovenes began to believe the future was out of Yugoslavia and away from Milosevic. In 1990, with Communism collapsing in Russia and across Eastern Europe, the Yugoslavia Communist Congress fragmented along nationalist lines, with Croatia and Slovenia quitting and holding multi-party elections in response to Milosevic trying to use it to centralize Yugoslav’s remaining power in Serb hands. Milosevic was then elected President of Serbia, thanks in part to removing $1.8 billion from the federal bank to use as subsidies. Milosevic now appealed to all Serbs, whether they were in Serbia or not, supported by a new Serb constitution which claimed to represent Serbs in other Yugoslav nations. The Wars for Slovenia and Croatia With the collapse of the communist dictatorships in the late 1980s, the Slovenian and Croatian regions of Yugoslavia held free, multi-party elections. The victor in Croatia was the Croatian Democratic Union, a right-wing party. The fears of the Serb minority were fuelled by claims from within the remainder of Yugoslavia that the CDU planned a return to the anti-Serb hatred of World War II. As the CDU had taken power partly as a nationalistic response to Serbian propaganda and actions, they were easily cast as the Ustasha reborn, especially as they began to force Serbs out of jobs and positions of power. The Serb-dominated region of Knin- vital for the much needed Croatian tourism industry- then declared itself a sovereign nation, and a spiral of terrorism and violence began between Croatian Serbs and Croats. Just as the Croats were accused of being Ustaha, so the Serbs were accused of being Chetniks. Slovenia held a plebiscite for independence, which passed due to large fears over Serb domination and Milosevics actions in Kosovo, and both Slovenia and Croatia began arming local military and paramilitaries. Slovenia declared independence on June 25, 1991, and the JNA (Yugoslavia’s Army, under Serbian control, but concerned whether their pay and benefits would survive the division into smaller states) was ordered in to hold Yugoslavia together. Slovenia’s independence was aimed more at breaking from Milosevic’s Greater Serbia than from the Yugoslav ideal, but once the JNA went in, full independence was the only option. Slovenia had prepared for a short conflict, managing to keep some of their weapons when the JNA had disarmed Slovenia and Croatia,  and hoped that the JNA would soon get distracted by wars elsewhere. In the end, the JNA was defeated in 10 days, partly because there were few Serbs in the region for it to stay and fight to protect. When Croatia also declared independence on June 25, 1991, following a Serb seizure of Yugoslavia’s presidency, clashes between Serbs and Croatians increased. Milosevic and the JNA used this as a reason to invade Croatia to try to protect the Serbs. This action was encouraged by the U.S. Secretary of State who told Milosevic that the U.S. would not recognize Slovenia and Croatia, giving the Serb leader the impression he had a free hand. A short war followed, where around a third of Croatia was occupied. The UN then acted, offering foreign troops to try and halt the warfare (in the form of UNPROFOR) and bring peace and demilitarization to the disputed areas. This was accepted by the Serbs because they’d already conquered what they wanted and forced other ethnicities out, and they wanted to use the peace to focus on other areas. The international community recognized Croatian independence in 1992, but areas remained occupied by the Serbs and protected by the UN. Before these could be reclaimed, the conflict in Yugoslavia spread because both Serbia and Croatia wanted to break up Bosnia between them. In 1995 Croatia’s government won back control of western Slavonia and central Croatia from the Serbs in Operation Storm, thanks in part to U.S. training and U.S. mercenaries; there was counter ethnic cleansing, and the Serb population fled. In 1996 pressure on Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic forced him to surrender eastern Slavonia and pull out his troops, and Croatia finally won back this region in 1998. UN Peacekeepers only left in 2002. The War for Bosnia After WWII, the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of Yugoslavia, populated by a mixture of Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, the latter being recognized in 1971 as a class of ethnic identity. When a census was taken in the aftermath of the collapse of Communism, Muslims comprised 44 percent of the population, with 32 percent Serbs and fewer Croats. The free elections held then produced political parties with corresponding sizes, and a three-way coalition of nationalist parties. However, the Bosnian Serb party- pushed by Milosevic- agitated for more. In 1991 they declared the Serb Autonomous Regions and a national assembly for Bosnian Serbs only, with supplies coming from Serbia and the former Yugoslavian military. The Bosnian Croats responded by declaring their own power blocs. When Croatia was recognized by the international community as independent, Bosnia held its own referendum. Despite Bosnian-Serbian disruptions, a massive majority voted for independence, declared on March 3, 1992. This left a large Serb minority which, fuelled by Milosevic’s propaganda, felt threatened and ignored and wanted to join with Serbia. They had been armed by Milosevic, and would not go quietly. Initiatives by foreign diplomats to peacefully break Bosnia into three areas, defined by the ethnicity of the locals, failed as fighting broke out. War spread throughout Bosnia as Bosnian Serb paramilitaries attacked Muslim towns and executed people en masse to force the populations out, to try and create a united land filled with Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs were led by Radovan Karadzic, but criminals soon formed gangs and took their own bloody routes. The term ethnic cleansing was used to describe their actions. Those who weren’t killed or had not fled were put into detention camps and mistreated further. Shortly after, two-thirds of Bosnia came under the control of forces commanded from Serbia. After setbacks- an international arms embargo which favored the Serbs, a conflict with Croatia which saw them ethnically cleanse too (such as at Ahmici)- the Croats and Muslims agreed  to a federation. They fought the Serbs to a standstill and then took back their  land. During this period, the U.N. refused to play any direct role despite evidence of genocide, preferring to provide humanitarian aid (which undoubtedly saved lives, but did not tackle the cause of the problem), a no-fly  zone, sponsoring safe areas, and promoting discussions such as the Vance-Owen Peace Plan. The latter has been much criticized as pro-Serb  but did involve them handing some conquered land back. It was scuppered by the international community. However, in 1995 NATO attacked Serbian forces after they ignored the U.N. This was thanks in no small part to one man, General Leighton W. Smith Jr., who was in charge in the area, although their effectiveness is debated. Peace talks- previously rejected by the Serbs but now accepted by a Milosevic who was turning against the Bosnian Serbs and their exposed weaknesses- produced the Dayton Agreement after the place of its negotiation in Ohio. This produced The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croats and Muslims, with 51 percent of the land, and a Bosnian Serb republic with 49 percent of the land. A 60,000 man international peacekeeping force was sent in (IFOR). No one was happy: no Greater Serbia, no Greater Croatia, and a devastated Bosnia-Hercegovina moving towards partition, with huge areas politically dominated by Croatia and Serbia. There had been millions of refugees, perhaps half of the Bosnian population. In Bosnia, elections in 1996 elected another triple government. The War for Kosovo By the end of the 1980s, Kosovo was a supposedly autonomous area within Serbia, with a 90 percent Albanian population. Because of the region’s religion and history- Kosovo was the location of a battle key in Serbian folklore and of some importance to Serbia’s actual history- many nationalist Serbs began to demand, not just control of the region but a resettlement program to oust the Albanians permanently. Slobodan Milosevic canceled Kosovar autonomy in 1988–1989, and Albanians retaliated with strikes and protests. A leadership emerged in the intellectual Democratic League of Kosovo, which aimed at pushing as far as they could towards independence without getting into a war with Serbia. A referendum called for independence, and newly autonomous structures were created within Kosovo itself. Given that Kosovo was poor and unarmed, this stance proved popular, and amazingly the region passed through the bitter Balkan wars of the early 1990s mostly unscathed. With ‘peace’, Kosovo was ignored by the negotiators and found itself still in Serbia. For many, the way the region had been sidelined and lumped into Serbia by the West suggested that peaceful protest wasn’t enough. A militant arm, which had emerged in 1993 and produced the Kosovan Liberation Army (KLA), now grew stronger and was bankrolled by those Kosovars who worked abroad and could provide foreign capital. The KLA committed their first major actions in 1996, and a cycle of terrorism and counter-attack flared up between Kosovars and Serbs. As the situation worsened and Serbia refused diplomatic initiatives from the West, NATO decided it could intervene, especially after Serbs massacred 45 Albanian villagers in a highly publicized incident. A last-ditch attempt at finding peace diplomatically- which has also been accused of simply being a Western sideshow to establish clear good and bad sides- led the Kosovar contingent to accept terms but the Serbs to reject it, thus allowing the West to portray the Serbs as at fault. There thus began on March 24 a very new type of war, one which lasted until June 10 but which was conducted entirely from the NATO end by airpower. Eight hundred thousand people fled their homes, and NATO failed to work with the KLA to coordinate things on the ground. This air war progressed ineffectually for NATO until they finally accepted that they would need ground troops, and went about getting them ready- and until Russia agreed to force Serbia to concede. Quite which one of these was the most important is still up for debate. Serbia was to pull all its troops and police (who were largely Serb) out of Kosovo, and the KLA was to disarm. A force of peacekeepers dubbed KFOR would police the region, which was to have full autonomy inside Serbia. The Myths of Bosnia There is a myth, widely spread during the wars of the former Yugoslavia and still around now, that Bosnia was a modern creation with no history, and that fighting for it was wrong (in as much as the western and international powers did fight for it). Bosnia was a medieval kingdom under a monarchy founded in the 13th century. It survived until the Ottomans conquered it in the 15th century. Its boundaries remained among the most consistent of the Yugoslavian states as administrative regions of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. Bosnia did have a history, but what it lacked was an ethnic or religious majority. Instead, it was a multi-cultural and relatively peaceful state. Bosnia was not torn apart by millennia-old religious or ethnic conflict, but by politics and modern tensions. Western bodies believed the myths (many spread by Serbia) and abandoned many in Bosnia to their fate. Western Lack of Intervention The wars in the former Yugoslavia could have proved even more embarrassing for  NATO, the UN, and the leading western nations like the U.K., U.S., and France, had the media chosen to report it as such. Atrocities were reported in 1992, but peacekeeping forces- which were undersupplied and given no powers- as well as a no-fly zone and an arms embargo which favored the Serbs, did little to stop the war or the genocide. In one dark incident, 7,000 males were killed in Srebrenica as UN Peacekeepers looked on unable to act. Western views on the wars were too often based on misreadings of ethnic tensions and Serbian propaganda. Conclusion The wars in the former Yugoslavia appear to be over for now. Nobody won, as the result was a redrawing of the ethnic map through fear and violence. All peoples- Croat, Muslim, Serb and others- saw centuries-old communities permanently erased through murder and the threat of murder, leading to states which were more ethnically homogenous but tainted by guilt. This may have pleased top players like Croat leader Tudjman, but it destroyed hundreds of thousands of lives. All 161 people charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for  war crimes  have now been arrested.

Conceptualizing A Unique Food Source Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conceptualizing A Unique Food Source - Essay Example are traveling. Where there is no food to satisfy the hunger of the people. The food supplied may not provide the nutrition they need in that situation. The fallowing paper will focus on conceptualizing a unique food source which has been consumed by the farmers of India, who stay active in the extreme hot climate and preserve in their work for long hours. This report may lead to conceptualizing a food product for the above-specified objective which can be economical, easily cooked and can be preserved for long hours and provide wholesome food with good nutritional value. The target audiences are the governments, non governmental organizations that render services during large emergences , FMCG food divisions which manufacture and market the food products. The product can be manufactured with minimum investment and can initiate as a small scale industry in rural areas. Farmers and small investors can start production as millets are available in rural areas of India on an average an small scale industry can produce 50kgs of millet gruel with packing. The only technical equipments in need is packing machine, vessels and gas stove to cook the gruel.... INDIA and CHINA, Who works according to the day time hours of the US and the UKwho require energizing diet after their hectic work schedule .this paper is written to inform the food products industry about a segment which has been untapped till and it can open up new business opportunity where the major players can look for. To educate the people about the cost effectiveness of the millet gruel compared to expensive health drinks like bornavita and horlicks and create awareness of nutritive value of millets and its their significance. The possible deliverables will be a branded food product which will be exclusive for the travel segment and for the food requirements during emergencies Millet gruel can be a product for every section of the society. In countries like India where agriculture is the main stay and most of the population is living below the poverty line need a food that is affordable, nutritious and wholesome.Traveling is a hectic activity as it involves travelers to use their energy without moving much for their seat. This can have an adverse affect on the human spine. Most of traveling involves making the traveler sit for long hours pressurizing his body. Individuals have to adjust to different alien food cultures to satisfy his hunger. Hunger drives the traveler to consume the food available at various places during travel although it doesn't satisfy his tastes as well as nutritional needs. Moreover the energy requirements of daily metabolic activities might not be satisfied to a great extent. The various service providers in tourism sector should at least be in a position to answer certain obvious questions at this point of time

Multiple Regression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multiple Regression - Essay Example They help in assessing the likely value of the regression coefficients in the population. Model Fit: It provides a statistical test of the models ability to predict the outcome variable and also the value of R, R2 and adjusted R2. Estimates: They give the estimated coefficients of the regression mode. The test statistics and their significances are also obtained for each regression. Here T-test is used to see whether each b differences significantly from zero. Durbin Watson: This test statistic tests the assumption of independent errors. If the value is different from value Z, then it is cause of concern. When this data is run on SPSS taking Satisfaction as dependent variable and functional, Epistemic, Social, Emotional, Conditional as independent variables, we get the following outputs. The first output is the Descriptive statistics. Descriptive Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Satisfaction 5.1369 1.18900 389 Functional 5.4989 .91570 389 Epistemic 5.3492 .95148 389 Social 5.3209 1.27152 389 Emotional 5.4961 1.04150 389 Conditional 3.4679 1.01706 389 This table gives the mean and standard deviation of each of the variables. This is useful for summary of data. Correlations Satisfaction Functional Epistemic Social Emotional Conditional Conditional Pearson Correlation Satisfaction 1.000 .555 .618 .339 .565 .004 Functional .555 1.000 .509 .221 .520 .011 Epistemic .618 .509 1.000 .328 .531 .109 Social .339 .221 .328 1.000 .338 .148 Emotional .565 .520 .531 .338 1.000 .154 Conditional .004 .011 .109 .148 .154 1.000 Sig. (1-tailed) Satisfaction . .000 .000 .000 .000 .471 Functional .000 . .000 .000 .000 .415 Epistemic .000 .000 . .000 .000 .016... Once the dependent and independent variable are selected, the method for variables to enter can be selected or to be removed using any of the methods say stepwise, Remove, Backward or Forward. When clicked on the statistics, the estimate confidence intervals and model fit are selected and in the residuals Durbin-Watson is selected. The significance of each of these is as follows. Estimates: They give the estimated coefficients of the regression mode. The test statistics and their significances are also obtained for each regression. Here T-test is used to see whether each b differences significantly from zero. The correlation matrix gives the Pearson correlation coefficient between every pair of variables. It also gives the one significance of each correlation. Here we observe that the correlation is significant with p

The Person-Centred Therapy Essay Example for Free

The Person-Centred Therapy Essay For the purpose of this essay, I will be attempting to show an understanding of hypnosis, and describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis. I will also be discussing the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. I will be using information learned from my course hand outs, and from the year one book list. Hypnosis has been used by different cultures and religions around the globe for thousands of years, including the Australian Aborigines, North American Indians, the Hindu culture, the Chinese and even further back to the ancient Egyptians. In more modern times, hypnotism has been used as a form of entertainment, watched by â€Å"live show† audiences, and later on, TV shows, creating curiosity and fascination for many. It is this lighter area of hypnosis which has possibly contributed to the stigma which can surround hypnosis and hypnotherapy. The term â€Å"hypnosis† derives from the Greek word Hypnos, which means sleep, the words â€Å"hypnosis and â€Å"hypnotism† derive from the term â€Å"neuro-hypnotism† which means (nervous sleep). It is known that the Aborigines used a form of hypnosis to achieve their â€Å"Dream Time†, (altered state of consciousness and out of body experiences) which is still practiced to this day. The Chinese use a hypnotic like trance called â€Å"Oigong† (exorcise of vital energy) within their healing system. It is estimated that approximately five per cent of the population of China practice this type of hypnosis, making this the most common type of hypnosis practiced in the world. However, although practitioners of , â€Å"Oigong† believe it increases mental and physical energy, some Chinese mental health officials believe there to be some harmful side effects, and would like to see the practice banned. Given the huge diverse applications for which hypnosis is used, for example, religious practices, healing, and physical and mental energizing, it is clear to see that hypnosis within entertainment, â€Å"the stage hypnotist† has but a small role to play within a vast and complex discipline. Hypnosis is â€Å"a special psychological state with certain physiological attributes,  resembling sleep only superficially and marked by a functioning of the ind ividual at a level of awareness other than the ordinary conscious state†, not asleep, yet not awake. There are different theories suggesting that hypnosis is a â€Å"mental state† and another that hypnosis is linked to â€Å"imaginative role-enactment†. People under hypnosis are believed to have a heightened sense of focus and concentration, enabling them to concentrate intensely on a thought or a memory. It is at this point of focus and concentration when the person is able to change their thought process through suggestion. The level of concentration allows the person to block out all exterior noises, distractions and other thoughts. Hypnosis is achieved by using a hypnotist, using a procedure known as â€Å"hypnotic induction†. Hypnosis can also be self-induced, which can be achieved by â€Å"self-suggestion† or â€Å"auto-suggestion† Hypnotic induction uses a series of suggestions and instructions, which takes the person through a process of â€Å"Progressive Muscle Relaxation† or â€Å"PMR†. â€Å"PMR† should be delivered using a much slower than normal speaking speed. By slowing down the speaking speed, the recipient will feel more relaxed, and will be able to enjoy the process. There are four main types of brain wave, which lead to differing stages of relaxation. 1/Beta Waves, (15 to 40 cycles per second) This is considered to be the normal functioning level, during conversation. 2/Alpha Waves, (9 to 14 cycles per second) This is a slower rate than the beta, and would be experienced while relaxing after an activity, and is considered to be a state of creativity and relaxation. 3/Theta Waves, (4 to 8 cycles per second) These are experienced during meditative states and dreaming, and would be considered to be associated with calmness and serenity. 4/Delta Waves, (1 to 4 cycles per second) This is considered to be the slowest rate and would be experienced in our deepest subconscious. This would be experienced while in a detached state of awareness or sleep or while under very deep hypnosis. Franz Anton Mesmer (from which the term mesmerise was derived) was born in Germany in 1734, and was the Grandfather of Hypnosis. Although Mesmer studied law and medicine, he had a passion and a belief in alternative therapies and medicine. After a  lifetime of investigation and work, Mesmer died in 1815; however he left a legacy of intrigue and an army of followers and believers. One of these being the Marquis de Puysegur. De Puysegur joined a group called â€Å"The Society of Universal Harmony† originally run by Mesmer. After a succession of patients, De Puygesur found that the patients, while seemingly asleep, were able to talk and answer questions, while in the hypnotic state. De Puygesur believed that hypnosis was the result of a psychological force rather than a physical one, which was argued, debated but then accepted by followers. Dr James Braid from Manchester gave light to the term â€Å"hypnosis†. Braid was originally against mesmerising, but eventually gained an interest, and began his own study. Braid concluded that any cures were as a result of suggestion through hypnosis. Braid continued his study and developed a technique called â€Å"eye fixation†. The state which eye fixation resulted in was Braids idea of hypnosis. Dr John Elliotson was the first person to demonstrate the use of hypnosis during surgery. Elliotson cured a dumb epileptic patient if front of an audience of medics. Elliotson also used hypnosis in surgical procedures, however died in 1868 after much controversy. Sigmund Freud went on to support the idea of hypnosis, and would often give talks to the medical fraternity. Although Freud was not considered to be a great hypnotist, he continued to use hypnosis in his work, but by the mid 1890’s Freud had all but given up on hypnosis. Modern hypnosis began with the birth of Milton Erickson (1901), who pioneered his work in â€Å"indirect suggestion†. Erickson is considered by many to be the pioneer of modern hypnosis. After suffering with a series of terrible illnesses, Erickson dedicated his life to understanding the unconscious mind. Erickson believed that â€Å"the unconscious mind is always listening† and it did not appear to matter whether the patient was in a trance or not. Erickson believed that â€Å"suggestion† would have the desired effect on the mind, as long as it found some resonance at the unconscious level. As stated earlier, stage hypnosis plays a very small role within the field of hypnosis. There is a much greater importance for hypnosis, for example; hypnotherapy is now a widely accepted form of alternative treatment, and is accepted as such by professionals in the medical field. There are some conflicting and confusing perceptions of hypnosis. Many people believe that the hypnotist simply places a person into a form of hypnotic trance, where  the person has no control of their own actions and t hought’s; this however is not necessarily the case. John F Kihlstrom (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) stated â€Å"The hypnotist does not hypnotize the individual. Rather, the hypnotist serves as sort of a coach or tutor, whose job it is to help the individual become hypnotized†. The experience of hypnosis can vary greatly from one individual to another. Some people under the influence of hypnosis report a feeling of detachment and extreme relaxation. Others state that their actions occur outside of their conscious state of mind, and others may be able to feel conscious, and are able to hold a conversation while under hypnosis. There have been many experiments undertaken using people under hypnosis, which have given credence to the subject. In one such experiment by Ernest Hilgard, (American psychologist and professor (1904 to 2001) famous for his research on hypnosis, particularly within the field of pain control) an individual under hypnosis was instructed not to feel any pain in their arm. The individuals arm was then placed into iced water, while the individuals who were not under hypnosis had to remove their arms from the water within seconds, the hypnotized individuals were able to leave their arms in the iced water for several minutes without feeling any pain. There are many examples where, illnesses and medical conditions, both physical and emotional, have been cured or greatly reduced in severity, for example; Rheumatoid Arthritis, dementia, ADHD, pain relief during surgical procedures, and pain during child birth. There are known situations where individuals have undergone major surgical procedures, without any form of anaesthetic, and have experienced no pain or discomfort, such is the power of hypnosis. There is a common belief that some people simply cannot be hypnotised, however much research shows that many more people are hypnotizable than they believe. In studies and surveys, it has been shown that as little as ten per cent of all adults are considered either difficult or impossible to hypnotise. It also shows that children are more susceptible to hypnosis, and that people who are seen to be fantasists are also more responsive to hypnosis. To be successfully hypnotized, it is very important to enter with an open and clear mind, and to view hypnosis as a positive experience. In modern society, hypnosis is used very commonly as an alternative aid within areas such as; weight loss, the cessation of smoking, drug and alcohol addiction (reduction in use), fears and phobias. People who  may have a fear of flying or of spiders for example, have been known to be completely cured of their fear, allowing them to lead a more fulfilling and less stressful life. There also many myths with hypnosis, the obvious one being that the hypnotized individual does not remember anything of their hypnotic state once they are awake. Amnesia has been known to occur, however this is extremely rare. It is however known that hypnosis can affect an individual’s memory. â€Å"Posthypnotic amnesia† can lead to a person forgetting some of the things which occurred during hypnosis, however the effect is quite temporary, and limited in terms of information forgotten. It is also a myth that an individual can be hypnotized against their own will. A person must be willing and happy to participate in order to be hypnotized. This is the same for people who believe they have no control over their own actions while under hypnosis. It is not possible for a hypnotist to force or influence a person into behaving in a manner which goes against their own morals and standards. Hypnosis is able to assist in a person making positive changes, however it is not able to change physical strength or enhance athleticism. Hypnosis should be seen as an additional and supportive aid to other forms of medicines and therapies, rather than a stand-alone discipline. Conclusion/summary; Hypnosis continues to intrigue and be a cause of debate for professionals and individuals alike, however, what cannot be disputed is its place within entertainment, but more importantly, its relevance within the medical field and as an alternative therapy. Hypnotherapy is now a widely accepted form of alternative therapy, practised by surgeons, physicians and independent private therapists. Although hypnosis and hypnotherapy are not considered as a replacement for medical treatments or medications, they are seen as an extremely useful addition and enhancement to these. Hypnosis has proven to be a positive life changing experience for many people, where other methods, and in some cases medicines have failed. It is evidenced that individuals have greatly reduced their weight from life threatening obesity, and have been able to successfully cease using harmful substances such as alcohol, tobacco and other forms of drugs. The fundamentals of hypnosis and its basic principal’s remain unaltered for hundreds, possibly even thousands of  years, however research and investigations by many great psychologists, has allowed a much greater understanding of this important and at times vital discipline. From the ancient Egyptians to modern day man/woman, hypnosis continues be an extremely effective alternative, within the field of physical and mental health and emotional wellbeing, and has also allowed a greater understanding of the workings of the human subconscious. Bibliography Course hand-outs/notes Hypnosis:- A Brief History. Chrysalis Psychotherapeutic Counselling-Year 1-Module 1. 1-1 07/2010 SC. Page 6. Hypnosis:- A Brief History. Chrysalis Psychotherapeutic Counselling-Year 1-Module 1. 1-1 07/2010 SC. Page 10. Hypnosis:- A Brief History. Chrysalis Psychotherapeutic Counselling-Year 1-Module 1. 1-1 07/2010 SC. Page 7. Internet About.com. Psychology. What is hypnosis. Psychology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/a/hypnosis.htm?p=1 En.wikepedia.org/wiki/Milton_h._erickson

Weve Only Just Begun: Translating Third Wave Theory Into Third Wave Activism :: Free Essays Online

We've Only Just Begun: Translating Third Wave Theory Into Third Wave Activism After graduating from college in 1999 with a degree in Women's and Gender Studies, I was looking forward to beginning my new job as an abortion counselor at the local Planned Parenthood clinic. I envisioned working in a strong feminist community committed to a women's right to control her reproduction. On my first day I was ordered to prepare the doctor's scrubs and get his coffee while I observed him chastise women during the procedure for not using birth control. I was angry for having to accept and accommodate this man because he was the only doctor we could get to perform abortions (and according to Roe v. Wade, as I learned, abortions could only be done by doctors). I had studied reproductive rights and was excited and inspired by my Second Wave feminist professors' praises of Roe v. Wade and women's health clinics, but my present reality was not living up to their romantic historical vision. I had also studied Second Wave feminist theories of power, economics, and sexuality and it was this knowledge that allowed me to understand that my so-called glamorous feminist work at Planned Parenthood was not, in fact, expressing feminist principles. I cultivated a desire to use these personal experiences break the silence in the feminist community about these discrepancies and challenge the impervious reputation of Roe v. Wade and abortion providers. I sought to involve myself in organizations working to allow midwives to perform abortions, which would give women more options when it came to choosing a provider. That was also when I came to understand and be a part of third wave feminism. Feminism's first wave is usually seen as having begun with the Seneca Falls Convention of 1948 and ending with securing the right to vote in 1920 and the second wave categorizes the resurgence of women's activism beginning in the late 1960s and ending (or at least ebbing) with the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment and the Reagan-Bush era. Third wave feminism purports to encompass the young women born in the 1960s and 70s who feel their personal experience of their history set them apart from older women. Barbara Findlen in the introduction to Listen Up: Voices from the Next Generation of Feminism states, "I strongly believe that the experiences that led me to identify as a feminist were significantly different from those that inspired the previous generation" (xi).

Part Two Chapter VIII

VIII Colin Wall saw Gavin and Mary pass under his study window. He recognized Mary's silhouette at once, but had to squint to identify the stringy man at her side, before they moved out of the aureole cast by the street light. Crouching, half-raised out of his computer chair, Colin gaped after the figures as they disappeared into the darkness. He was shocked to his core, having taken it for granted that Mary was in a kind of purdah; that she was receiving only women in the sanctuary of her own home, among them Tessa, who was still visiting every other day. Never had it occurred to him that Mary might be socializing after dark, least of all with a single man. He felt personally betrayed; as though Mary, on some spiritual level, was cuckolding him. Had Mary permitted Gavin to see Barry's body? Was Gavin spending evenings sitting in Barry's favourite seat by the fire? Were Gavin and Mary †¦ could they possibly be †¦? Such things happened, after all, every day. Perhaps †¦ perhaps even before Barry's death †¦? Colin was perennially appalled by the threadbare state of other people's morals. He tried to insulate himself against shocks by pushing himself to imagine the worst: by conjuring awful visions of depravity and betrayal, rather than waiting for the truth to rip like a shell through his innocent delusions. Life, for Colin, was one long brace against pain and disappointment, and everybody apart from his wife was an enemy until they had proven otherwise. He was half inclined to rush downstairs to tell Tessa what he had just seen, because she might be able to give him an innocuous explanation of Mary's night-time stroll, and to reassure him that his best friend's widow had been, and was still, faithful to her husband. Nonetheless, he resisted the urge, because he was angry with Tessa. Why was she showing such a determined lack of interest in his forthcoming candidacy for the council? Did she not realize how tight a stranglehold his anxiety had gained over him ever since he had sent in his application form? Even though he had expected to feel this way, the pain was not diminished by anticipation, any more than being hit by a train would be less devastating for seeing it approaching down the track; Colin merely suffered twice: in the expectation and in its realization. His nightmarish new fantasies swirled around the Mollisons and the ways in which they were likely to attack him. Counter-arguments, explanations and extenuations ran constantly through his mind. He saw himself already besieged, fighting for his reputation. The edge of paranoia always apparent in Colin's dealings with the world was becoming more pronounced; and meanwhile, Tessa was pretending to be oblivious, doing absolutely nothing to help alleviate the dreadful, crushing strain. He knew that she did not think he ought to be standing. Perhaps she too was terrified that Howard Mollison would slit open the bulging gut of their past, and spill its ghastly secrets for all the Pagford vultures to pick over. Colin had already made a few telephone calls to those whom Barry had counted on for support. He had been surprised and heartened that not one of them had challenged his credentials or interrogated him on the issues. Without exception, they had expressed their profound sorrow at the loss of Barry and their intense dislike of Howard Mollison, or ‘tha' great smug basturd', as one of the blunter voters had called him. ‘Tryin' ter crowbar in ‘is son. ‘E could ‘ardly stop hisself grinnin' when ‘e ‘eard Barry was dead.' Colin, who had compiled a list of pro-Fields talking points, had not needed to refer to the paper once. So far, his main appeal as a candidate seemed to be that he was Barry's friend, and that he was not called Mollison. His miniature black and white face was smiling at him out of the computer monitor. He had been sitting here all evening, trying to compose his election pamphlet, for which he had decided to use the same photograph as was featured on the Winterdown website: full face, with a slightly anodyne grin, his forehead steep and shiny. The image had in its favour the fact that it had already been submitted to the public gaze, and had not brought down ridicule or ruin upon him: a powerful recommendation. But beneath the photograph, where the personal information ought to have been, were only one or two tentative sentences. Colin had spent most of the last two hours composing and then deleting words; at one point he had managed to complete an entire paragraph, only to destroy it, backspace by backspace, with a nervous, jabbing forefinger. Unable to bear the indecision and solitude, he jumped up and went downstairs. Tessa was lying on the sofa in the sitting room, apparently dozing, with the television on in the background. ‘How's it going?' she asked sleepily, opening her eyes. ‘Mary's just gone by. Walking up the street with Gavin Hughes.' ‘Oh,' said Tessa. ‘She said something about going over to Miles and Samantha's, earlier. Gavin must have been there. He's probably walking her home.' Colin was appalled. Mary visiting Miles, the man who sought to fill her husband's shoes, who stood in opposition to all that Barry had fought for? ‘What on earth was she doing at the Mollisons'?' ‘They went with her to the hospital, you know that,' said Tessa, sitting up with a small groan and stretching her short legs. ‘She hasn't spoken to them properly since. She wanted to thank them. Have you finished your pamphlet?' ‘I'm nearly there. Listen, with the information – I mean, as far as the personal information goes – past posts, do you think? Or limit it to Winterdown?' ‘I don't think you need say more than where you work now. But why don't you ask Minda? She †¦' Tessa yawned ‘†¦ she's done it herself.' ‘Yes,' said Colin. He waited, standing over her, but she did not offer to help, or even to read what he had written so far. ‘Yes, that's a good idea,' he said, more loudly. ‘I'll get Minda to look over it.' She grunted, massaging her ankles, and he left the room, full of wounded pride. His wife could not possibly realize what a state he was in, how little sleep he was getting, or how his stomach was gnawing itself from within. Tessa had only pretended to be asleep. Mary and Gavin's footsteps had woken her ten minutes previously. Tessa barely knew Gavin; he was fifteen years younger than her and Colin, but the main barrier towards intimacy had always been Colin's tendency to be jealous of Barry's other friendships. ‘He's been amazing about the insurance,' Mary had told Tessa on the telephone earlier. ‘He's on the phone to them every day, from what I can gather, and he keeps telling me not to worry about fees. Oh God, Tessa, if they don't pay out †¦' ‘Gavin will sort it out for you,' said Tessa. ‘I'm sure he will.' It would have been nice, thought Tessa, stiff and thirsty on the sofa, if she and Colin could have had Mary round to the house, to give her a change of scene and make sure she was eating, but there was one insuperable barrier: Mary found Colin difficult, a strain. This uncomfortable and hitherto concealed fact had emerged slowly in the wake of Barry's death, like flotsam revealed by the ebbing tide. It could not have been plainer that Mary wanted only Tessa; she shied away from suggestions that Colin might help with anything, and avoided talking to him too long on the telephone. They had met so often as a foursome for years, and Mary's antipathy had never surfaced: Barry's good humour must have cloaked it. Tessa had to manage the new state of affairs with great delicacy. She had successfully persuaded Colin that Mary was happiest in the company of other women. The funeral had been her one failure, because Colin had ambushed Mary as they all left St Michael's and tried to explain, through racking sobs, that he was going to stand for Barry's seat on the council, to carry on Barry's work, to make sure Barry prevailed posthumously. Tessa had seen Mary's shocked and offended expression, and pulled him away. Once or twice since, Colin had stated his intention of going over to show Mary all his election materials, to ask whether Barry would have approved of them; even voiced an intention of seeking guidance from Mary as to how Barry would have handled the process of canvassing for votes. In the end Tessa had told him firmly that he must not badger Mary about the Parish Council. He became huffy at this, but it was better, Tessa thought, that he should be angry with her, rather than adding to Mary's distress, or provoking her into a rebuff, as had happened over the viewing of Barry's body. ‘The Mollisons, though!' said Colin, re-entering the room with a cup of tea. He had not offered Tessa one; he was often selfish in these little ways, too busy with his own worries to notice. ‘Of all the people for her to have dinner with! They were against everything Barry stood for!' ‘That's a bit melodramatic, Col,' said Tessa. ‘Anyway, Mary was never as interested in the Fields as Barry.' But Colin's only understanding of love was of limitless loyalty, boundless tolerance: Mary had fallen, irreparably, in his estimation.

Rating Systems for Films Essay

Movies have been around since the 1890’s for entertainment, artistic brilliance, enlightenment and historical record. During that time period parents would take their children to the movies they thought were rated PG but found content in the films to adult for their children’s eyes and were outraged. Then later on different religious groups started protesting cinemas due to their explicit content full of sex and violence. So avoid censorship picture producers had to form their own rating guidelines. Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America In the early 1920’s filmmakers began to realize that the clean movies they were producing no longer interested America so they began adding more sex and violence into their movies. In 1922, the presidents from major motion picture studios which were Samuel Goldwyn, Louis B. Mayer, Jesse Lasky and Joseph Schenck made the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America to stop censorship from the government, rating and safeguarding the movies that were made. The portrayal of sex and violence in cinema began to threaten the morality in America, in the 1930’s Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America made a strict set of guidelines called the Production Code, which followed movie content for two decades (Doherty). â€Å"The Production Code stayed in place and was reasonably effective for the next 30 years or so until it was replaced by the rating system we have today†. (Censorship in Hollywood) Moviemakers had to tailor their films to fit the requirements of the production code or have their movie banned from being played. Since the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America wanted to self-censor all movies that were made, they had to submit all movies made for approval before they were distributed. In 1945, the creator of The Production Code, William hays was succeeded from the role of president by Eric Johnson. During Johnson Presidency he â€Å"added to his mission the promotion of American films, which were gaining in popularity overseas in the post-World War II era.†(MPPA) Later Johnsons changed the organization to â€Å"The Motion Picture Association of America.† Then when Johnson died the MPPA’s presidency was empty for about three years. In the late 1960’s cinema  started to change. New types of filmmaking and filmmakers from different countries started to take place in America. Since America started expanding the society’s freedom and the way of life, the MPPA’s strict self-regulation censorship wouldn’t last. In 1966, Jack Valenti was named MPAA President and many revisions were made to the Hays Code since America was changing social mores. Jack Valenti â€Å"founded the voluntary film rating system giving creative and artistic freedoms to filmmakers while fulfilling its core purpose of informing parents about the content of films so they can determine what movies are appropriate for their kids.†(MPPA) Now the MPPA gets the help of multiple parents to see which content fits in each category. What each rating means Each movie is rated and put into one of the five different categories depending on what content is being portrayed in each different film. Films are even sometimes labeled under the â€Å"Not yet Rated† category because the MPPA has yet to rate the film. â€Å"G- General Audiences. All Ages Admitted† means it contains no type of language, nudity, sex, violence or anything that would offend parents of young children. â€Å"PG — Parental Guidance Suggested. Some Material May Not Be Suitable for Children.† Means that it should be looked over and approved by parents before letting their children attend. There may be some content with brief profanity, violence and or nudity. There’s no drug use and minimal themes call for parent supervision. â€Å"PG-13 — Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some Material May Be Inappropriate For Children Under 13.† Means parents should determine whether or not their children under 13 should view this movie. There may be violence but not realistic. Minimal language and drug use and there may be brief nudity but nothing sexual. â€Å"A PG-13 motion picture may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity, sensuality, language, adult activities or other elements, but does not reach the restricted R category†(MPPA) â€Å"R — Restricted. Children Under 17 Require Accompanying Parent or Adult Guardian.† Means it may include adult themes, language, intense violence, sexually-oriented nudity, drug abuse and other graphic content. Children under than 17 not allowed and parents are advised not to bring their children. â€Å"NC-17 — No One 17 and Under Admitted.† Means no one under 17 admitted. Parents consider this movie to adult like. The content is only  appropriate for adult audience. Studies from Harvard University of health show that the MPPA allows more violent and explicit content then they have before, saying that â€Å"movie raters have grown more lenient in their standards.† (Waxman) The study shows that MPPA ratings have vague and confusing descriptions on what content is actually showing. Some of the ratings depending on content still haven’t changed â€Å"a movie rated PG or PG-13 today has more sexual or violent content than a similarly rated movie in the past.† (Waxman) Movie ratings changed depending on what society views as acceptable content in each rating. For example, â€Å"Disney’s 1994 movie †The Santa Clause† was rated PG, while the 2002 sequel, †The Santa Clause 2,† which had comparable content, was rated G. (Waxman) Rich Taylor, a spokesman from the MPPA says that â€Å"the standards for judging acceptable depictions of sex and violence in American society were constantly changing, and that it would not be surprising if that changed for movie ratings as well.†(Waxman) Overall the rating system was made to avoid censorship from the government and for the MPPA to have freedom to rate their movies. If it wasn’t for the outraged parents and all the protesting against cinema the rating system might not have been the same. Though the current rating system today allows more sex and violence into PG and PG-13 movies it’s only based on the judging system from society. â€Å"Motion Pictures and Their Impact on Society in the Year 2001.† MIDCONTINENT PERSPECTIVES: Midwest Research Institute Kansas City, Missouri. April 25, 1978. Web. December 9th 2012 The Numbers Guy. â€Å"Let’s Rate the Ranking Systems of Film Reviews† Wall Street Journal. January (2009) Web. December 9th 2012 Tickle, Jennifer, etal. â€Å"Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Risk Behaviors in Film: How Well Do MPAA Ratings Distinguish Content?† December, 1 2011. Web. December 10th 2012 Waxman, Sharon. â€Å"Study Finds Film Ratings Are Growing More Lenient† NY Times. Web July 14th 2004 December 9th 2012 Wilson, Barbara J. â€Å"What’s Wrong with the Ratings† 2002. Web. December 13th 2012

Writing About Poems Essay Example

Writing About Poems Essay Example Writing About Poems Essay Writing About Poems Essay â€Å"Forgiving My Father† is an example of a lyrical poem.   Written by Lucille Clifton, its lines contain the poet’s recriminations against her father (Schilb Clifford 253).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A lyrical poem relays the poet’s true feelings and thoughts regarding anything that he chooses to write about (Campa, AuthorStream.com).   In this case, Clifton has written about how her father had failed to give her, her siblings and her mother the kind of life that was better than what they lived.     Ã‚  The overall tone of the lines of a lyrical poem and the choice of words therein would all depend on the poet’s purpose for writing it (Encyclopedia Britannica, p. 181).   This specific poem, â€Å"Forgiving My Father,† uses some disrespectful lines to describe the author’s father; at the same time, the poem contains no loving words and no grateful words, either, for the author’s father. Poets would have to synchronize their specific moods and feelings at the time of writing their pieces with their respective purposes for them (Encyclopedia Britannica, p. 181).   In the case of Clifton’s â€Å"Forgiving My Father,† the lines dwell on a sad topic and the words therein such as â€Å"empty†, â€Å"pauper†, and â€Å"debtors’ boxes† all paint a sad picture.   Lucille Clifton used unsavory words such as â€Å"lecher† and â€Å"liar† to describe her father, which only served to bolster the glum – and a bit bitter – tone of the poem. Lyrical poems reveal the poet behind its lines.   The poem â€Å"Forgiving My Father† speaks of how Lucille Clifton needed to forgive her father and how in the end she decided that she ought to forgive him, as follows (Schilb Clifford 253): Daddy old pauper old prisoner, old dead man  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   20 what am I doing here collecting?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   21 You lie side by side in debtors boxes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   22 and no accounting will open them up.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23 Lines 20 to 23 make it clear that Lucille Clifton, in the end, realized that it was futile to harbor angry feelings against her father.   After all, he was gone and she had to move with her life.   However she would feel, nothing would bring back her father and mother – it was best to let them go, to leave her past behind and to cease pondering on thoughts along â€Å"What if† and â€Å"If only† lines. Lucille Clifton, an award-winning writer of poems and children’s books, undoubtedly wrote her heart down in her poem â€Å"Forgiving My Father.†Ã‚   Clifton was born on June 27, 1936 in Depew New York, a suburb of Buffalo (The Circle Association webpage) The poem employs the open poem form.   It consists of 23 lines; it has three stanzas composed of seven, nine and seven lines. There are no pairs of rhyming words in the poem, and it does not seem to employ a rhythm through its lines of varying numbers of syllables. â€Å"Forgiving My Father† speaks of the struggle of the author to blame her father no more for his shortcomings as a father and as a husband.   The poem is an eloquent attempt to voice the author’s feelings.   The author simply let her heart out with each written line; she cared more for substance and less for the structure and make-up of the poem.   This served to make the poem even more haunting.   While reading it, one feels the repressed anger and disappointment, hurt and desire to lash out which are all elements of the first to nineteenth lines.   Then one feels the author’s will to let go of her pain with the realization that life must go on and that the ills of the past cannot be undone. Writing the essay was an exercise that was meant to teach me to appreciate poetry and the insight that one gains from reading poems.   As instructed, I selected a poem to focus on and studied in terms of the aspects and qualities that I learned each poem has, according to its purpose, theme and general mood.   Through it all, I hoped to be able to do the same exercise as the normal thing that I would do whenever I come across a poem.   I think the strength of this paper is the openness with which I tried to write my lines.   I would change it only if I can improve my analysis of the elements of the poem, which is the part that I find difficult. The interesting realization that hit me during the exercise is that different people from different parts of the world go through basically the same happy and sad points, high and low points in life.   There would be differences in specific surrounding circumstances born of the uniqueness of each one of us, but the joys and sorrows of people living different lives are often the same and common amongst people.   The author of the poem talked of her anger for her father and her resolve to forgive him.   I somehow know that the same story has occurred over and over again to different people in different places around the world.   I further realize that the poetry we read can sometimes mirror our own feelings and thoughts. The most difficult part about this paper is the identification of the specific elements of the selected piece of poetry.   I am not sure whether or not I did it right, but somehow attempting to do it right made me see that there are alternative styles that an author can choose to adopt in the course of writing his poems.   The MLA format rules also are a bit hard to properly follow; the same rules made me see that I have to study even harder to be able to write well as an educated individual.   Anyhow, I hope our instructor would appreciate my exerted efforts. Campa, TC.   â€Å"Poetry – Lyrical and Narrative.† Author Stream.   10 January 2009   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   authorstream.com/Presentation/tccampa-65539-poetry-lyrical-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   narrative-types-education-ppt-powerpoint/. â€Å"Lyrical Poetry.†Ã‚   Encyclopedia Britannica:   p. 181. Schilb, John Clifford, John.   Making Literature Matter:   An Anthology for Readers and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Writers.   USA:   Bedford Books, 2008. Clifton, Lucille. â€Å"On Strength Gotten from Others.†Ã‚   The Circle Association.   10 July 2009 math.buffalo.edu/~sww/clifton/clifton-biobib.html

Homophones Pail and Pale

Homophones Pail and Pale The words pail and pale are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The noun pail refers to a bucket a container for holding and carrying something. The adjective pale means unusually light in color or weak. As a verb, pale means to become pale or to seem weaker or less important. As a noun, pale means a post, a fence, or a boundary (as in the expression beyond the pale). Usage Examples To wash his little red wagon, the boy brought a pail of water, a sponge, and some clean clothes.He was as black as coal, with a long, alert, intelligent, rakehell face. His eyes gleamed with mischief, and he held his head high. . . . Jupiter went where he pleased, ransacking wastebaskets, clotheslines, garbage pails, and shoe bags.(John Cheever, The Country Husband. The New Yorker, 1955)Marie walked along the path in the pale light of the dawn.Usually I spent the afternoons under the box  elder trees, or by the ditch behind the machine sheds, where dragonflies and pale blue moths circled just out of reach.(Grace Stone Coates, Wild Plums. Black Cherries, 1931)What passes for paella at most restaurants is a pale imitation of the real thing.I lit a cigar, and as I sat in my easy chair with the roses  beside me the light of the July  evening paled and paled till I sat alone in the darkness.(Bram Stoker, Bengal Roses, 1898) Idiom Alerts Beyond the Pale The idiom beyond the pale means socially or morally improper or unacceptable.The billionaire investor Peter Thiel, outed by the local arm of the Gawker media empire, secretly financed a lawsuit to destroy it. Silicon Valley did not rise en masse and say this was seriously beyond the pale.(David Streitfeld, What It Is Actually Like to Be in the Engine Room of the Start-Up Economy. The New York Times, July 5, 2016) Pale in Comparison The expression pale in comparison (with something) means to appear less important, serious, or worthwhile when compared to something else.[T]he financial benefits that come to men because of their greater investments in work early in life may  pale in comparison  to the sizable toll these investments have taken on mens relationships, especially with their children, by the time work careers subside or finish.(Victoria Hilkevitch Bedford and Barbara Formaniak Turner,  Men in Relationships. Springer,  2006) Practice Quiz (a) In the glare of the sun, Jennifers red hair seemed brighter than ever, emphasizing her _____ complexion.(b) The young woman carried a large _____ of milk on her head.(c) Colonel Kurtz was operating without any restraints, totally beyond the _____ of acceptable human conduct.(d) Pete weighed each _____  of oysters  on a scale and tallied the measures on a chalkboard next to each shuckers name.(Christopher White,  Skipjack.  Rowman   Littlefield,  2009)   Answers to Practice Exercises (a) pale(b) pail(c) pale(d) pail

Impact and Accomplishments of Steven Speilberg Research Paper

Impact and Accomplishments of Steven Speilberg - Research Paper Example Steven Spielberg was born on 18 December 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. A man with middle height of 5 7". During his film career, he has won 3 Oscars, 2 BAFTAs, and 2 Golden Globes. (Web-Steven Spielberg Biography) â€Å"Spielberg was born to Jewish parents Leah Adler (nà ©e Posner), a restaurateur and concert pianist, and Arnold Spielberg, a computer engineer. Throughout his early teens, Spielberg made amateur 8 mm "adventure" movies with his friends, the first of which he shot at a restaurant (Pinnacle Peak Patio) in Scottsdale, Arizona. After moving to California, he applied to attend film school at the University of Southern California School of Theater, Film and Television three separate times but was unsuccessful due to his C grade average. He attended California State University, Long Beach. His actual career began when he returned to Universal studios as an unpaid, seven-day-a-week intern and guest of the editing department. After Spielberg became famous, USC awarded him an honorary degree in 1994, and in 1996, he became a trustee of the university. In 2002, thirty-five years after starting college, Spielberg finished his degree via independent projects at CSULB, and was awarded a B.A. in Film Production and Electronic Arts with an option in Film / Video Production. As an intern and guest of Universal Studios, Spielberg made his first short film for theatrical release, the 24-minute movie Amblin in 1968. After Sidney Sheinberg, then the vice-president of production for Universals TV arm, saw the film, Spielberg became the youngest director ever to be signed to a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio (Universal). He dropped out of Long Beach State in 1969 to take the television director contract at Universal Studios and began his career as a professional director†. Impact of Spielberg on filmmaking is enormous. He has introduced new themes, concepts, techniques and technologies to direct and produce

The Financial and Banking System Of Australia Essay

The Financial and Banking System Of Australia - Essay Example ................................19 Would You Approve Lines Of Credit For Banks In This Country?.............................................20 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 Table 1.0 List of Banks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.22 Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..24 I. Geography. The continent is a self governing country that is a part of the commonwealth federation. It is currently bounded by the Timor sea, Ara fura sea, Torres strait, Coral sea, Tasman sea, Bass strait along with the Indian ocean (Verdier, p.11). It is the smallest continent found on the globe and the sixth largest country in the world. Its capital is found in Canberra with Sydney being the largest city found in the country (Weerassoria, p.16). It additionally comprises of six states which include New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, Victoria along with western Australia. The continent also comprises of two territories which are the Australian Capital along with the Northern one. The land forming the continent measures about 7, 614, 500 sq km (Gup, p.41). It also has dependencies such as the Ashmore territory, Cocos islands, Christmas islands, the Antarctic territory, the coral sea islands, Heard island along with the Norfolk islands (Miller, Vandrome & John, p.34). II. History Of The Country. The first occupants of the Australian continent were the aborigines who are believed by anthropologists to have migrated into the continent some fifty thousand years ago... Due to a rise in the sea level, The Tasmania was separated from other islands that were offshore (Gup, p.46). The Malaysian, Chinese, Indonesian along with Arab traders are estimated to have come to the northern part of Australia in the year 1500AD. The western countries only came to know about the Australian continent in the 17th century. The continent was the last discovery of new land that the western world made but was colonized by their powers (Weerassoria, p.23). Portuguese sailors are believed to have reached the eastern coast of the continent at around the 15th century when they were looking for a sea route connecting Africa and India. Spanish sailors led by Luis Vaez de Torres in the 16th and 17th century first saw the Australian continent but did not get there as their interests were further north in the Philippines (Gup, p.56). It is the Dutch who were using more advanced sailing ships who were responsible for making the discovery of the continent a reality during the 17th century. This occurred when they creating trading centers between Africa and Indonesia. They did not however settle in the continent as they found nothing of interest for their businesses (Miller, Vandrome & John, p.67). Their voyages and discovery of the Australian continent thus brought the British into the land. This came during the Enlightenment age that occurred in the 18th century with the stressing of scientists along with philosophers on the importance of worldwide exploration (Verdier, p.19).

Jesus Christ-Life and Influence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jesus Christ-Life and Influence - Research Paper Example Jesus is unanimously regarded as the one and the only virgin birth that has appeared in the entire history of mankind since the creation of Adam and Eve in the paradise. The Old Testament had already made a prediction about his arrival in the world through the virgin delivery to be made by a pious and chaste noble lady i.e. Holy Virgin Mary (Isaiah, 7:14). Thus, the pious and religious-minded Jews were well aware regarding this exceptional kind of birth in their tribe one day in the wake of the Commandments to be made by the Lord in order to show the pagans, non-believers, and hypocrites the signs of the Omnipotence of the Lord. Since all the tribes having faith in Almighty God were in wait of such a sacred birth, the Magi also travelled wide from the ancient Persia to the city of Nazareth in order to see the blessed child arrived in the world from the high heavens in order to fill the world with the dazzling sacred light of justice, equality, righteousness, and faith. The Gospel of Matthew provides a detailed and comprehensive account of the visit of the three Magi from the distant region of Persia (Matthew, 2:2). Since the Magi had been blessed with the knowledge of astrology, and their association with the Zoroastrians had increased their faith in the Oneness of Almighty God the Creator, the three Magi set out to an exhaustive expedition towards Nazareth in order to see the holy child and present their gifts to the Savior of humanity. Consequently, the child would certainly be unique and extraordinary one, which would spend his entire life in teaching, preaching and helping the people without discrimination, and would embrace death at the prime of his youth just for saving the humanity from becoming a victim of the punishment and agony for committing the original sin. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, and the Magi also met him there (Anderson, 2005: 23-24). However, because of the opposition made by the hypocrites and non-believers, Holy Mary had to proceed to Eg ypt in order to save the sacred child from the hatred of the envious and resentful people of Nazareth. Little is known about the childhood and early youth of the Holy Christ, though the historians and theologians appear to be agreeing with the notion that the signs of the spiritual elevation of this sacred child had started appearing in his personality since the childhood years (Littleton, 1975: 22). Somehow, Jesus returned to his native city along with his sacred mother in his early youth, where he was baptized by Holy John the Baptist (Matthew, 3:13-16), though John is noticed to be declaring Jesus superior to him in all respects. Hence, it becomes evident that his contemporary righteous men of Nazareth had maintained the knowledge of the spiritual and elevated status of Jesus Christ. The Christian faith is attributed to Christ, who preached love and kindness to all mankind.

How does Social Media Effect Time Management?

How does Social Media Effect Time Management? The purpose of this paper is to better understand the relationship between time spent on social media and time management in students. After and extensive literature review, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 54 participants. After analyzing the results it was evident that there is a relationship between time spent on social media and time managing skills. Based on the results, recommendations and limitations were discussed. The use of internet has been taken over by social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Social media has become a popular tool amongst all generations these days. The use of social media has been increasingly growing among students of all ages. Most students use at least one type of social media platform in their daily lives; therefore I thought testing the effects of these platforms on students would be useful. The aim of this research is to measure the effects of the use of social media on time management. This paper will also show the reasons behind this growing trend among students. To help the generalizability of this study, around 60 students from different schools and universities were asked to participate by filling constructed questionnaires. These questionnaires were then closely analyzed to see how these platforms have been affecting students. Literature Review There is a growing interest on the effects of social media on students success and development (Abramson, 2011; Kamenetz, 2011). This interest on the effects of social networking is growing because as the data collected by EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research (ECAR) shows, 90% of their 36,950 student sample uses some sort of social media (Smith Caruso, 2010). Studies have shown that teenagers are among the top users of social networking websites (Ahn, 2011). There has been a trend in studies suggesting that teenagers are spending a big portion of their daily life on social media websites (Ahn, 2011). Ahn defines SNS as social networking sites; she further explains that websites such as Facebook and MySpace fall into that category because they are web applications that use Web 2.0 principles (2011). OReilly defines Web 2.0 as websites that depend on the participation of normal users rather than content providers, he further explains that Web 2.0 websites sums up content from many sou rces and are websites that connect and network users and information together (OReilly, 2007). Ann questions the effect of these websites on the development of the youth stating that parents and teachers are concerned and frightened by this connection between the youth and social networking sites (2011). On the other hand, scholars suggest that educators should accept that students these days are using social media platforms to learn and that these educators should embrace these new platforms and use them to their advantage (Ito et al., 2009; Jenkins, 2006). However, many schools and universities block access to these websites (Lemke et al., 2009). Agichtein et al. argue that the content on social media websites vary from high quality content to spam and users should know how to find high quality information on these platforms (Agichtein et al., 2008). Misra and McKean state that academic stress is caused by poor time management (2000). Lay and Schouwenburg define time management as a group of different actions that facilitate productivity and alleviate stress (1993). Academic performance is enhanced by effective time management (Campbell and Svenson, 1992). In his study, Anderson claims that although the average of internet use among students is 100 minutes per day, only a small group of these students use the internet to a degree that affects other tasks in their life (2001). University students are inclined to excessive use of internet (Anderson, 2001). Anderson stated that many students fail to manage their time on the internet (2001). As shown by the literature review, while the use of social media is continually growing especially among teenagers, the main concern is whether this growing interest is effecting students time management causing an increase in stress levels among students and lower academic achievements. Social media has many uses, from networking to news to quality information but the concern is around whether these students are using these social media platforms for all these reasons and whether these users are managing to organize their time (Ahn, 2011). Methodology Type: Survey. Tool: Semi-structured questionnaire. Participants 54 students of both genders participated in this study. Students in various countries from ages of 13 to 34 years answered the questionnaire. -Materials Data were collected through online questionnaires. My questionnaire consisted of nine questions (five multiple choice, one scale, two text, and one checkbox question). I chose to put a little amount of questions with mostly multiple questions to be sure that the students would not get bored while answering and the answers would be as precise as possible, limiting bias. Procedure The questionnaire was done on Google docs then sent by e-mail to some, and posted on a social media website (Facebook) to assure that there is a variety of ages and genders in the answers. Why students? Student level is when the persons career is determined; if the student is well aware that studying and other daily chores (sports, work, etc.) are the most important pillars in a students life, but they also have to know how to manage their time, they will excel in their futures so this study might be like a wake up call for students. Later on, these results were translated into percentages in pie charts to help in building my analysis and interpretation stage which will help me answer my research question. Analysis and Interpretation Analyzing each question made me realize more and more on how much students are drowned in the pool of SNS, even though most know that its affecting their daily chores, starting with studying and ending with sports. Students of middle school (4%), high school (72%), and university (24%) from ages 13 to 34 participated in this study. Both genders were involved in this paper 52% of which were males and 48 females. The diversity of respondents assures the variety of opinions present. How much time do you spend on social platforms daily? Only 4% of students do not use SNS daily, while 19% spend more than 4 hours on social media platforms. 11% think that checking these sites for less than an hour is enough for them; on the contrary 30% say that they spend three to four hours to get their daily dose of social networking. The 37% left spend one to two hours daily before performing other things in their daily life. Type of social media? Among 54 students 41% prefer Facebook to any other social media platform. 21% use Instagram, 19% use twitter, 7% use Google+. Only 11% use things other these SNS. When asked about why do they use these platforms for and they were given the freedom to choose anything they want because it was an open-ended question, most students said that they spend their time communicating with people, or for general entertainment as well as staying up to date with everything eg. Politics, sports. In the meantime a very little amount said that they spend their time on these platforms for educational purposes. As a student, how much time do you dedicate to studying daily? Most students only dedicate one to two hours studying with a percentage of 44%. 20% spend three to four hours of their time studying while 17% say that they do not study on daily basis. 11 % study for less than hour, in the meantime 7% study for more than four hours daily. How much time do you dedicate to other important chores daily? When asked about the time spent for other important chores such as work or sports 44% of the 54 respondents said that they perform theses chores for one to two hours daily. 19% said that they perform chores for less than hour or not on a daily basis, while 9% percent said that they do so for three to four hours or more. To what extent do you think social media affects your time management? As a sub-question I asked their opinion on a scale from one to five (not at all to completely respictively) on how much they think SNS affect their time management as students to see if they were well-aware of what the great time on social media platforms affects their daily chores. 28% answered three to four on the scale while 20% thought it had a complete effect and only 6% said that it has no effects of all and 19% think that it has a very little effect. CONCLUSION Research question: Does social media have effects on students time management? According to the responses I got I realized that when you come to connect and analyze the questions about the dedication of time spent on important chores, studying, and social media platforms you realize that, on the choice that says not on a daily basis on 4% spend their day without using any of the SNS while 17% do not study on daily basis and 19% do not perform other important chores in a students life. Results are almost equal on the less than an hour choice with 11% for using social media 11% for studying and 19% for other important chores. At one to two hours the results favor the studying and other important chores more with 44% for both and only 37% for social media. What made me reach to a result for my research question is that when the hours increased, the usage of social media increased and the time spent on studying and other important chores decreased drastically after reaching their peak. On three to four hours, 30% spend time on SNS while 20% spend studying and only 9% perform important chores. 9% said that they perform important chores for more than four hours and 7% said they spend more than four hours studying while 19% use social media platforms for more than hours. Sub-question: Are the students aware of the effects the SNS have on their time management? After constructing a study on if the students are aware by the effects the social networking sites have on their time management I realized that they are somehow mostly aware. That is what made me wonder more and more, because if the students are unaware then maybe the parents must be blamed for the effects I found in my research paper, but after finding out that students know how much these sites have effects and they do not try to resist it then the students have to be blaimed for that. Recommendation: After analyzing and interprating the results I recommend the teachers to try to help the students for overcoming the students time on social networking sites for uneducational means by using social media platforms for educational purposes so that the students spend their time learning on these sites rather than just for communication and entertainment. In this way I think students will (even if unintentionally) spend time learning. If they open Facebook for example and find out that the teacher posted an assignment there he will spend his time doing it rather than other stuff. Limitation: Due to time and cost limitations the scale in this study was relatively small. The genaralizibilty of this study could have been enhanced if a larger sample was studied. If it was not for these limitations a focus group or in-depth interviews might have helped enhance this study also. Reflection on the Research Steps Before starting the research it was something very close to a nightmare to me. Not knowing anything about it I was really afraid to even start with it or even read what it is about, all I knew about the word research is that it takes a lot of time to develop a good one. Step 1 of the DRC was choosing a topic, it seemed very easy to me at first, but after going through the handout I realized that I had to choose a topic that I am aware of and at the same time something I was interested in because I had to read a lot about the topic. I was suffering at that moment; nothing came to my mind. I thought choosing a topic was easy, but it turned out to be very challenging. Choosing a topic was everything that was on my mind for 3 days until this topic came to mind and I thought it would be beneficial for the next generation and it was something I myself was suffering from. Step 2 was to narrow down my topic and think about one specific point of my topic. After approaching to my teacher I was happy to know that the topic I chose from step 1 was already narrowed down, and I was ready to go to the next step. This gave me a boost because after my classmates were well ahead of me in step one I caught up with them. After step 3 I was not disappointed in all the time it took me to choose my topic because step 2 and 3 were very easy to me. Step 3 was about narrowing it down more and more, and deciding what was your research question. Unintentionally I had that ready too. Maybe spending a lot of time on choosing a topic was not a nightmare after all. Steps 4 to 6 were somehow similar to each other. I had to choose the method I wanted to gather information in. Thanks to Mr.Ammar Merhebi and his amazing explanation of what an interview was about and what a questionnaire is, it did not take me a lot of time to choose the online questionnaire method because I thought my topic needed me to take answers from a lot of people due to the high number of opinions and ways of living. All credits go to my mentor; Mr.Ammar Merhebi for the time it took him to teach us how to enter everything on programs that would help in preparing and processing the data. After each step I used to think of what I did and think that what I was doing is time wasting and not beneficial. Although the steps did not take me a lot of time but all what was on my mind was Why do teachers love to interfere with our work and put everything into steps that would not even help when I want to start with my research paper? That was not the case here, when I started with my study I had a look on my steps and I had most of the things done and ready for this project. There were surely sometimes were I was very close to giving up and just going to anyone to do it for me in return for money, but I thank god that I took the correct road towards what I think a successful study.